chakravarthy

After the Battle of Chamkaur in 1704, the Khalsa founder penned 111 verses in Persian that praised God, criticised the Mughal emperor and detailed the battle. "All modes of redressing the wrong having failed, raising of sword is pious and just", writes Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Guru of Sikhism, in Zafarnama . It is an argument for justice written in the form of a letter to Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, after the Battle of Chamkaur in the 18th century. The tenth Guru is predominantly known for founding the Khalsa and instituting the idea of the five articles of the Sikh faith - kesh (hair), kacchera (a specific type of undergarment), kangha (comb), kada (iron bracelet) and kirpan (small sword). But he was also a scholar and poet, well-versed in multiple languages - Sanskrit, Persian, Punjabi, Arabic, Awachi and Braj Bhasha.  Although Guru Hargobind Singh, the sixth Guru, was the one who began militarising the Sikh community, Guru Gobind Singh introduced the idea o...

From Cambridge to Khilafat, Saifuddin Kitchlew was instrumental in bridging Hindu-Muslim unity during the freedom movement. Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew, a frontine freedom fighter, an advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity and a barrister, is remembered today as the face of the protests against the Rowlatt Act that the British passed exactly 100 years ago in 1919. He was also an educationist who played a major role in the founding of Delhi's Jamia Millia Islamia University. Kitchlew was the guiding force behind the Naujawan Bharat Sabha, an organisation founded by Sardar Bhagat Singh in 1926. Introduction to nationalist movement : Kitchlew was born in 1888 in a Kashmiri family of businessmen and governmentservants. A student of sharp intelect, Kitchlew completed his bachelor's from Cambridge University and obtained his Ph.D from Germany. He then returned to Amritsar and started practicing law. His revolutionary aspirations dated back to his Cambridge days, when he actively participated ...