BUTTERFLY EFFECT.

Understanding Butterfly Effect: Nearly 45 years ago, during the 139th meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Edward Lorenz posed a question: "Does the flap of a butterfly's wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?" The answer to that question probably differs from what you have heard. The concept referred to as the Butterfly Effect has been embraced by popular culture, where the term is often used to emphasise the outsize significance of minute occurrences, as in the 1990 movie 'Havana', in which Robert Redford, playing the role of Jack Well, a gambler with a knack for math, proclaims to his co-star, Lena Olin, that "a butterfly can flutter its wings over a flower in China and cause a hurricane in the Caribbean". Lorenz, the mild-mannered Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Meteorology Professor who developed the concept, never intended for it to be applied in this way. Indeed, he meant to convey the opposite point. The purpose of his provocative question, he said, was to illustrate the idea that some compex dynamical systems exhibit unpredictable behaviours such that small variances in the initial conditions could have profound and widely divergent effects on the system's outcomes. Because of the sensitivity of these systems, outcomes are unpredictable. This idea became the basis for a branch of mathematics known as chaos theory, which has been applied in countless scenarios since its introduction. Lorenz's insight called into question laws introduced as early as 1687 by Sir Isaac Newton suggesting that nature is a probabilistic mechanical system, "a clockwork universe". Similarly, Lorenz challenged Pierre-Simon Laplace, who argued that unpredictability has no place in the universe, asserting that if we knew all the physical laws of nature, then "nothing would be uncertain and the future, as the past, would be present to [our] eyes". 
Lorenz discovered that this deterministic interpretation of the universe could not account for the imprecision in human measurement of physical phenomena. He observed that nature's inter-dependent cause-and-effect relationships are too complex to resolve. To approximate the most likely outcomes for such complex systems as weather patterns, he began using sets of slightly different starting conditions to conduct parallel meteorological simulations. This method is still used today to generate our daily weather forecasts.     
Sometimes a very small and insignificant event can lead to a huge effect later on. It is called Butterfly Effect. It can also lead to the creation of a new country, the displacement of twelve million people, the loss of around two million lives and permanent animosity among people who used to share their bread and ancestry at one point of time. If we study the life of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, we will find three incidents which led to the butterfly effect, resulting into one of the most significant and bloodiest midnights in the world history.

To know these three small events, we will have to start with Jinnah's grand-father, Premjibhai Meghji Thakkar, who was a prosperous Hindu merchant from Kathiawar, Gujarat. He had made his fortune in the fish business, but he was ostracised from his vegetarian Lohana caste because of their strong religious beliefs. When he discontinued his fish business and tried to come back to his caste, he was not allowed to do so because of the huge egos of the self-proclaimed protectors of Hindu religion. Resultantly, his son, Pujalal Thakkar (the father of Jinnah), was so angry with the humiliation that he changed his and his four sons' religion, and converted to Islam.

This was not the first incident when a Hindu had tried to come back to his religion and he was not allowed to do so by the priest class. When Islamic invasion began in India in 12th century, many Hindus had lost their religion because of petty rules like drinking the water poured by a Muslim in their ponds, being forcibly converted to Islam or going to places outside India. When they tried to re-convert to Hinduism, the stubborn priests blocked their path and branded them as permanent dharmabrashta. This led to animosity in them for Hindus, and they converted to Islam and taught a lesson to those priests by killing them mercilessly. Today, a lot of Indian Muslims don't want to accept their Hindu ancestry, and the humiliation their ancestors felt centuries ago could be the reason behind it. 

That's the first Butterfly Effect. If Jinnah's grand-father were allowed to come back to his caste and religion, Jinnah would have remained a Hindu, and he won't have used his genius in creating a new country for Muslims. In 1929, Jinnah's wife, Rattanbai Petit, died due to a digestive disorder. He was so devastated at her death that he moved to London. He led a very private life, lived in a large house, played billiards and attended theatre. But things took a drastic turn when he heard a comment made by his arch-rival, Jawaharlal Nehru. In a private dinner party, Nehru had remarked that Jinnah was 'finished'. It made Jinnah so furious that he packed up and headed back to India with the intent to 'show Nehru'. He fired up the Muslim League, and transformed it from a scattered band of eccentrics to the second most powerful political party of India. 

That's the second Butterfly Effect. If Nehru hadn't made that remark, Jinnah would have stayed in London, Muslim League won't have become so powerful and India might have stayed united.

Just one year before the partition and independence of India, Jinnah's doctor, Dr. J A L Patel, discovered something in the X-ray report of Jinnah which could have destroyed the gigantic efforts to create Pakistan. Dr. Patel discovered two dark circles in the report which could have upset the Indian political equation and would have almost changed the course of history. Jinnah was suffering from Tuberculosis which left him only two or three years to live at most. He pushed Mountbatten for a speedy freedom and partition of India to make sure he made the mark in history before he died. The secret of Jinnah's disease and imminent death stayed between him and his doctor, ansuring the bloody historical event. 

That's the third Butterfly Effect. That grey film had the secret to block the partition, and it was stopped from coming out by a Hindu doctor.

-Challapalli Srinivas Chakravarthy, RSS; 10th April, 2019 (Wednesday)- 

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